SS-31

SS-31 Overview

SS-31, also known as elamipretide, is a cell-permeable tetrapeptide studied for selective localization to the inner mitochondrial membrane. In research settings, it is used to examine mitochondrial bioenergetics, membrane stability, and the signaling systems linked to mitochondrial structure and function.

Mechanism of Action & Applications

SS-31 is studied for its binding interaction with cardiolipin, a phospholipid concentrated in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In laboratory research, this makes it useful for examining how cardiolipin-associated membrane organization influences electron transport chain coupling, ATP-related bioenergetics, oxidative stress signaling, and broader mitochondrial pathway function. It is commonly used in studies involving mitochondrial dysfunction, membrane dynamics, reactive oxygen species biology, and cellular energy regulation.

Research History

SS-31 emerged from the Szeto-Schiller series of mitochondria-targeted peptides and later became widely studied under the name elamipretide. Over time, research expanded from basic mitochondrial membrane biology into broader models of bioenergetic dysfunction, helping establish SS-31 as a well-known peptide in mitochondria-focused pathway research.

Chemical Information

CAS Number

736992-21-5

Molecular Formula

C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅

Molecular Weight

639.8 g/mol

PubChem ID

11764719